Prostate Cancer Overview
The prostate is a glandular organ present only in males. Only men develop prostate cancer.
The prostate is normally about 3 cm long (slightly more than 1 inch) and lies at the neck of the bladder and in front of the rectum.
- The prostate surrounds the urethra, which is a tubular structure that carries sperm and urine out of the penis.
- The prostate produces a thin, milky fluid that is added to the sperm at the time of ejaculation.
- Older men often have an enlarged prostate, which is a noncancerous condition called benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) that causes urinary symptoms.
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Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a transformation in which they grow and multiply without normal controls.
- As the cells multiply, they form a mass called a tumor.
- Tumors are cancerous only if they are malignant. This means that they invade neighboring tissues because of their uncontrolled growth.
- They may also travel to remote organs via the bloodstream.
- This process of invading and spreading to other organs is called metastasis.
- Tumors overwhelm surrounding tissues by invading their space and taking the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive and function.
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Almost all prostate cancers arise from the secretory glandular cells in the prostate.
Cancer arising from a glandular cell is known as adenocarcinoma. Therefore, almost all prostatic cancers are prostatic adenocarcinomas.
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